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Brake systems and servos on the MGBGTV8 and RV8
Peter Garton (Woodcote Green 1238) from Germany started a thread on the V8BB in
August 2007 by posting a message wondering what would happen if the brake servo
on his RV8 were to fail. This note brings together the responses to that thread,
particularly from Bob Owen. (Jan 09)
Servo
failure on the MGBGTV8 model has been an important topic for members with the
original Factory V8 as the servos on most cars are now approaching 35 years old!
Bob Owen posted a response on the V8BB commenting "the problem described
in V8NOTE228 is one I have experienced with a servo failure and loss of brakes
on my chrome bumper MGBGTV8. To my knowledge that is just one of a dozen or so
similar episodes suffered by other V8 enthusiasts. So far as we know, fortunately
all have survived! The fault - servo related brake failure - only happens with
remote or indirect servos as fitted to many cars in the 60s and 70s as enhancements
to existing non-servo braking systems".
Remote or indirect servos
Remote or indirect servos sense the FLUID pressure and assist this - see the extract
from the service manual to see the principle of operation. Their advantage is
that they can be placed anywhere in the system and do not have to be at the pedal.
The remote type is sensing fluid pressure and assisting via a diaphragm with vacuum
from the inlet manifold and the two are separated by a seal.
This rubber
seal is overlooked when the brakes are serviced and leakage at the seal produces
no tell-tale fluid seeps or brake pull. This is because the fluid leaks are drawn
into the engine or stay in the large bowl of the servo. Moreover, the engine vacuum
is ALWAYS there to draw fluid through the servo seal, unlike other brake seals
which only experience a pressure differential under actual braking. Consequently
a servo seal leak can be quietly emptying your brake master cylinder reservoir
as you sail along the motorway and the first you know of a serious loss of fluid
is when you apply the brakes at the exit - and find you do not have any! This
happened to one of Bob Owen's Low Brake Fluid Sensor customers; faced with a loss
of brakes at a motorway exit he decided he did not really want to get off there
anyway and would go along the hard shoulder for a while . . . handbrake on . .
. and a spine chilling cold sweat!
Single or split/dual brake lines
Later cars have dual braking systems each serving two wheels so, even if the car
is fitted with a remote servo, this failure mode would still leave diagonal wheel
brakes operational.
Direct servos
These are direct acting
servos designed as part of the braking system and are activated mechanically and
assist mechanically, so a servo failure would merely remove the servo assistance.
The consequence would be the driver would have to apply a much greater pedal pressure
to achieve the same braking effect.
MGBGTV8 braking system
The V8 has a hydraulic braking system comprising a remote or indirect servo on
a single circuit braking system. So a serious servo leak or a failure on the single
brake circuit can lead to a complete loss of brakes. Consequently there is a real
need to maintain the brake hoses, the brake master cylinder seals, the brake slave
cylinder seals and the flexible brake hoses, not to mention the servo itself.
The Low Brake Fluid Sensor developed by Bob Owen was devised to try and provide
some warning by monitoring brake fluid levels in the master cylinder reservoir
and sounding an alarm if levels fall. But even the LBFS cannot provide protection
against a catastrophic loss of fluid as the LBFS cannot respond fast enough to
provide a warning of sudden fluid losses. Only a preventative maintenance approach
using regular, thorough inspections and renewals of the braking system and key
components can do that. Renewing your servo, or at least reconditioning it with
a service kit, is a prudent measure. Relying on the "if it ain't broke, don't
fix it" approach with your V8 servo is not wise.
RV8
braking system
The RV8 has a hydraulic braking system comprising a direct
acting vacuum operated servo on a dual circuit braking system. The dual system
is split front to rear with the primary system operating the rear drums and the
secondary system operating the front calipers. Failure of the direct acting servo
would just mean you
| 
A schematic diagram showing
the principle of operation and the main components of the vacuum servo unit. The
hatched area represents brake fluid.
Under heavier braking further
movement of the air valve piston opens the air valve and allows air to enter the
chamber behind the main diaphragm, destroying the vacuum in that compartment.
Air at atmospheric pressure is shown in blue.
Top
diagram
The vacuum operated servo unit consists of three main components,
namely the vacuum cylinder (1), the air valve assembly (2)
and the slave cylinder (3) which is connected to the hydraulic circuit
between the master cylinder and slave cylinders at the wheels. Under light braking
fluid is allowed to pass directly to the wheel cylinders via the hollow centre
of the slave piston (4) and no braking assistance is obtained; fluid
pressure acting on the air valve piston (5) closes the diaphragm
(6), thus separating the chamber behind the main servo diaphragm
(7) from the one in front.
Lower diagram
Under heavier
braking, further movement of the air valve piston opens the air valve and allows
air to enter the chamber at atmospheric pressure (blue in the diagram) behind
the main diaphragm, destroying the vacuum. The central rod (9) is
thus pushed to the left, sealing the hollow centre of the slave piston and pushing
it down its bore, so increasing the fluid pressure at the wheel cylinders. When
the brake pedal is released, the pressure beneath the air valve piston is destroyed,
the diaphragm (6) re-opens and the air valve closes. Via the non-return
valve (10), a suspended vacuum is recreated around the main diaphragm. Under
the action of the spring (11), the diaphragm and push-rod, and thus the
slave piston, are returned to their original positions, and the pressure in the
wheel cylinders is lost. |
needed two and a half
times the pedal pressure for the same braking effect - actually 2.56 times as
this is the servo gain. Both brake circuits would still work so you would
still have fully effective brakes, but much heavy pedal pressure would be needed
without the usual servo assistance.
The RV8 Technical Reveal states on
page 14 that the 38DA servo on the RV8 is a non serviceable part so either you
replace it at specified intervals or replace it when it fails since failure is
not intrinsically dangerous.
Clearly the braking system on the RV8 is
a considerable improvement on the earlier system used in the MGBGTV8 some twenty
years earlier and provides better protection against the consequences of brake
component or system failures.
Download a copy of this workshop note.
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